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How Many Books are in the Bible? Qualitative Numbers, or Math for Biblical Scholars

By Eva Mroczek

Many scholars of early Judaism agree that we cannot speak of a “Bible” as such before at least the first century CE. Jewish communities collected and revered many different authoritative texts, including most of the books that are now in the Bible, and several others, such as Enoch and Jubilees. But these writings were not yet collected into, or imagined as, one definitive corpus with set contents and boundaries. See complete essay


Giovanni Garbini and Minimalism

By Thomas L. Thompson

For international Old Testament studies, it was Giovanni Garbini, more than anyone else, who brought a "hermeneutics of suspicion" into everyday use as an analytical tool. This, for him, habitual mode of looking at a text brought him not only to question the historicity of Ezra 7-10 and Neh 9 and 12, but to interpret these texts as origin stories for the figure of Ezra as the Rabbinate's founding father. See complete essay


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